• ⟨a⟩ - /ɑ/
• ⟨Ā⟩ or ⟨ā⟩ - /ɑː/
• ⟨Ay⟩ or ⟨ay⟩ - /ɑi/
• ⟨Æ⟩ or ⟨æ⟩ - /æ/
• ⟨Ǣ⟩ or ⟨ǣ⟩ - /æː/
• ⟨Dy⟩ or ⟨dy⟩ - /d^j/
• ⟨e⟩ - /e/
• ⟨Ē⟩ or ⟨ē⟩ - /eː/
• ⟨Ey⟩ or ⟨ey⟩ - /ei/
• ⟨È⟩ or ⟨è⟩ - /ɛ/
• ⟨Ḕ⟩ or ⟨ḕ⟩ - /ɛː/
• ⟨f⟩ - /f/
• ⟨Gh⟩ or ⟨gh⟩ - /ɣ/
• ⟨Ghy⟩ or ⟨ghy⟩ - /ɣ^j/
• ⟨h⟩ - /h/
• ⟨Hy⟩ or ⟨hy⟩ - /h^j/
• ⟨i⟩ - /i/
• ⟨Ī⟩ or ⟨ī⟩ - /iː/
• ⟨l⟩ - /ɮ/
• ⟨k⟩ - /k/
• ⟨Kh⟩ or ⟨kh⟩ - /x/
• ⟨Khy⟩ or ⟨khy⟩ - /x^j/
• ⟨m⟩ - /m/
• ⟨n⟩ - /n/
• ⟨Ny⟩ or ⟨ny⟩ - /nj/
• ⟨o⟩ - /o/
• ⟨Ō⟩ or ⟨ō⟩ - /oː/
• ⟨Ò⟩ or ⟨ò⟩ - /ɔ/
• ⟨Ṑ⟩ or ⟨ṑ⟩ - /ɔː/
• ⟨r⟩ - /ɾ/
• ⟨s⟩ - /s/
• ⟨t⟩ - /t/
• ⟨Sh⟩ or ⟨sh⟩ - /ʃ/
• ⟨U⟩ or ⟨u⟩ - /u/
• ⟨Ū⟩ or ⟨ū⟩ - /uː/
• ⟨v⟩ - /v/
• ⟨Zh⟩ or ⟨zh⟩ - /ʒ/

Nouns in Ǣdyihòzhn come in five classes: inanimate, valuable, animate, masculine, feminine. A noun's class is determined mainly by semantics rather than by the form of the word, which is to say that there is no way of predicting a noun's class merely by hearing or seeing it. Each noun class, however, interacts differently with other elements of a sentence.

While there are a number of exceptions, each class can be broadly defined as follows:

• inanimate: objects, particularly natural ones, that appear to either not move or to only move in predetermined patterns; includes rocks, the sky and stars, many plants
• valuable: objects that might otherwise be considered inanimate but have special significance of usefulness; food crops, certain valuable materials, Nyōshun and Ghælṑr, and particularly tools and weapons
• animate: any animal individual or species, any enenkal species, water, wind, certain fast-growing plants, most emotions
• masculine: people identified as male, certain emotions and physical standards associated with masculinity
• feminine: people identified as female, certain emotions and physical standards associated with femininity

Ǣdyihòzhn has an inalienably-possessive case ending -èn for words ending in a consonant, -n for those ending in a vowel. Adjectives originally formed from nouns in this case tend to use -n in both environments.

Ǣdyihòzhn nouns are not marked for number; by themselves they can indicate either singular or plural. Should some indication of number need to be specified, nouns take classifiers, somewhat as in the English examples “five head of cattle”, “three sheets of paper”, “eight drops of water”. Unlike English, however, this applies to all nouns and is in most cases mandatory; omitting a classifier is ungrammatical.

• ǣdyin 'pit used to hold things, well“
• daghnā 'takma'
• èdun 'short spear'
• ḕdyirā 'a type of vermin, similar to rats'
• ghal 'son'
• hīye 'daughter'
• hòzh no longer a separate word, but a common element in city names (related to Imperial kar 'a colony, a settlement founded by official action, as opposed to one that simply appeared')
• hyīnash 'court, selamlik'
• rugay 'male band, fellowship'
• sura 'mind'
• tayrin 'progeny, descendants'
• xètā 'xtauh'

While there are no absolute gender patterns in proper names, female names have a tendency to end in -(a)m or -(i)k, while male names tend to end in -(i)l or -(i)r. The language is otherwise rather egalitarian in what kinds of names are considered appropriate for each gender, and it would not be considered particularly odd, for example, for the name Èdnam (from èdun 'short spear'), the name of Ǣdyihòzh's current ruler, to also have a male counterpart Èdnil.

Within a defined lineage, it is traditional that only one living member at a time may bear a particular name. To name a newborn child after a deceased relative is to honor the latter, but to give the child the same name as a living relative is very much the opposite.